What is memory bias, and why does my brain remember failures more than successes?

Memory bias is the tendency to recall certain types of experiences more easily than others. Many people notice that mistakes, rejection, and embarrassment feel “louder” in memory than calm wins, especially when the negative moment felt self relevant or socially risky. Research in depression has documented negative attentional bias, meaning attention is pulled toward negative cues and away from positive ones, which can influence what gets encoded and later remembered.

What is negativity bias, and is it the same thing as memory bias?

Negativity bias is a broader pattern where negative information captures attention and carries more psychological weight than equally intense positive information. Memory bias is one place negativity bias shows up, because what your attention highlights is more likely to be stored and easier to retrieve later. In practice, negativity bias often creates a “failure first” archive, even when your real life contains progress, repair, and resilience that deserve equal storage.

How does rumination make failure memories stronger?

Rumination is repetitive, self focused replay that feels like analysis but often strengthens negative meaning instead of creating solutions. The more you replay a failure with a harsh conclusion, the more you train your brain to store the failure as identity level evidence. Research in adolescent depression has linked higher rumination with more negative memory bias on a self referential task, including recalling more negative and fewer positive self relevant words.

Can Memory Bias Detox work without forcing “positive thinking”?

Yes, because the goal is accuracy, not cheerfulness. Memory Bias Detox uses language to replace global shame headlines with specific, contextual captions so your brain stores a fair record. Instead of “I always fail,” you move toward “In this situation, today, I missed a step because I was overwhelmed, and I can adjust next time.” That is not denial. That is a complete narrative, and completeness is what helps memory stop collapsing into a single verdict.

What is memory reconsolidation, and how can words change what I remember?

Memory reconsolidation is the idea that when a memory is retrieved, it can become temporarily changeable before it stabilizes again. That window allows memories to be updated with new information, meaning, and emotional context. In everyday terms, the words you use while recalling an event can influence what gets “re saved” next time.

Which words stop my brain from turning one mistake into “I always fail”?

Words that reduce overgeneralization tend to be the most powerful, because they shrink the story back into reality. Precision words like “today,” “this,” “in this moment,” and “in this situation” prevent identity conclusions. Continuity words like “yet,” “next,” and “learning” keep the narrative open. Evidence words like “also,” “proof,” and “record” force balance, so your mind cannot pretend the failure is the only data point.

Does self compassion really help memory bias, or is it just soft talk?

Self compassion is not a vibe, it is a nervous system signal. When your inner voice is harsh, your brain treats the memory as a threat and keeps it highly accessible. When your inner voice is kinder, the threat level drops and your brain can store nuance, learning, and repair. A large meta analytic review found that the negative components of self compassion (like self judgment and isolation) relate more strongly to psychological distress than the positive components, supporting the idea that reducing harsh self responding matters.

What is “autobiographical memory specificity,” and why does it matter for remembering wins?

Autobiographical memory specificity is the ability to recall specific personal events rather than vague summaries like “my life is a mess” or “nothing ever works out.” Lower specificity can make it harder to retrieve detailed coping moments and progress evidence. Memory Specificity Training (MeST) is an intervention developed to target difficulty recalling specific personally experienced events, and it has been discussed as simple enough to be delivered alongside other supports or via computerized formats.

Is there research behind training memory to reduce negative recall?

Yes. For example, a smartphone based autobiographical memory training study aimed to increase positive memory recall and examine effects on negative memory bias in dysphoric individuals. This supports the broader idea that what you repeatedly prompt and practice can shift retrieval patterns over time.

Is cognitive bias modification (CBM) related to Memory Bias Detox?

They are related in spirit because both target biased processing, especially interpretation. A systematic review and meta analysis in adult depression reported that cognitive bias modification showed a moderate therapeutic effect overall, with interpretation focused CBM (CBM I) showing stronger effects in that analysis. Memory Bias Detox is a practical, language based way to influence interpretation in daily life, even if you never use a formal CBM program.

Can Memory Bias Detox help if I have anxiety or depression?

It can be a supportive practice, especially for reducing overgeneralizing language and rumination loops, but it is not a replacement for professional treatment. If your symptoms are persistent, worsening, or impairing your daily functioning, consider using this tool alongside therapy or evidence based care. If you experience intrusive memories, severe hopelessness, or thoughts of self harm, seek immediate professional support in your area.

What if my “failure memories” are actually trauma memories?

Trauma memories can behave differently than ordinary regret memories, and they may be triggered involuntarily with strong body sensations. Gentle language can still help you reduce shame and add safety, but trauma focused support is often important. A safer approach is to use words that stabilize the present first, then only work with meaning making when you feel regulated. If trauma symptoms are intense, working with a trained clinician can make this process much safer and more effective.

Memory bias detox: Words that stop Your brain from only saving failures and start storing proof of progress

Your brain is not broken, it is doing an ancient job in a modern life

If your mind can replay a single awkward sentence you said three years ago in full surround sound, but cannot recall the last time you handled something well, you are not failing at life. You are seeing a common cognitive pattern: the brain often prioritizes negative or threatening information, especially when it feels self relevant.

In depression research, for example, negative attentional bias has been repeatedly observed, meaning attention is pulled more strongly toward negative cues than positive ones, even early in processing. That matters because attention is where memory begins. The brain tends to remember what it repeatedly looks at, what it emotionally tags as important, and what it replays afterward.

This is why “memory bias” can feel personal and cruel. It is not just a memory issue. It is an identity issue. When your mind saves failures more easily, you start living as if failure is the most reliable fact about you.

A Memory Bias Detox is not about forcing optimism. It is about removing the verbal toxins that turn one hard moment into a lifelong verdict. It is about teaching your brain to store the full story: what happened, what it meant, what you learned, and what you did next.

And yes, words matter here, because words are not decoration. Words are storage instructions.

The three step conveyor belt: Attention → Meaning → Memory

Most people try to fix memory bias at the memory level. They attempt to “think positive,” remember good times, or push away the past. That often backfires, because memory bias is usually built earlier, at the level of meaning.

Here is the simple conveyor belt that runs in the background of your day.

Attention → Meaning → Memory

You notice something.
You interpret it.
You store the interpretation more than the raw event.

Research in social anxiety has shown a pattern consistent with this idea: attention bias can influence memory indirectly via interpretation bias, meaning the way something is interpreted can shape what is later remembered.

This is where Words of Power become a practical tool. Your words change interpretation. Your interpretation changes storage.

If your inner language is vague and global, memory becomes vague and global. That is how one mistake becomes “I always fail.”

If your inner language is precise and contextual, memory becomes precise and contextual. That is how one mistake becomes “I struggled in this specific moment, for a reason, and I adjusted.”

Same event. Different storage format.

Why failures stick: The brain’s “threat filing system”

Think of your brain as an archivist with a limited budget. It cannot store everything with the same intensity, so it creates priorities.

When something feels threatening, humiliating, rejecting, or unsafe, your brain often treats it like a lesson that must not be forgotten. It tags it with urgency. That tag increases rehearsal, replay, and emotional charge, which increases the chance the memory will remain accessible.

Rumination makes this worse. Rumination is not deep thinking. It is repetitive self focused replay, and replay is a form of re saving. In adolescent depression research, higher rumination has been linked with endorsing and recalling more negative self relevant information and fewer positive self relevant words on self referential tasks.

So when you say, “Why can’t I stop thinking about it,” a more accurate question might be: “What verbal tag am I attaching to it every time it returns?”

Because the tag is usually not “I made a mistake.”
The tag is usually “This proves something about me.”

That is the toxin.

The hopeful part: Memory is not a photo album, it is a living document

One of the most empowering ideas in modern memory science is that recall is not just retrieval. It is reconstruction. When a memory is reactivated, it can become malleable for a window of time before being stored again, a process discussed in the literature on memory reconsolidation.

Translated into real life, this means something stunningly gentle.

When a failure memory shows up, you are not only remembering it.
You are editing how it will be remembered next.

Your words during recall can either poison the memory with identity shame, or update it with context, learning, and repair.

This is not magic. It is mental hygiene.

What a memory bias detox actually is

A detox is not a fight. A detox is a change in input.

If you want your brain to stop saving only failures, you need to change the words that tell the brain what counts as evidence.

The detox has four moves that repeat.

You notice the headline your mind produces.
You replace the headline with a caption.
You add one word that changes the storage category.
You save one piece of counter evidence on purpose.

You do not need to do it perfectly. You only need to do it consistently.

The failure headline vs the healing caption

A failure biased brain speaks in headlines. Headlines are dramatic, global, and final.

“I always mess this up.”
“I’m behind.”
“I’m not good enough.”
“This proves I can’t.”

A detoxed brain speaks in captions. Captions are specific, contextual, and open.

“In this situation, I missed a step.”
“Today felt heavy, so my pace slowed.”
“I’m learning this skill.”
“I can adjust my approach.”

Headlines create identity scars. Captions create learning.

Your goal is not to silence the headline. Your goal is to refuse to store it as fact.

Rainbow watercolor illustration of a brain filled with layered words and a bright central light burst, representing memory bias detox and reshaping what the mind remembers.

The word toolkit: Five categories that change what Your brain saves

Below are the categories of Words of Power that work like filing labels. They are not meant to sound pretty. They are meant to change the memory’s “folder.”

Category 1: Precision words that shrink the story into truth

Precision words pull you out of global shame and back into reality.

They turn “always” into “today.”
They turn “everything” into “this part.”
They turn “I’m a failure” into “I failed at one attempt.”

Precision words include language like “this,” “today,” “in this moment,” “in this situation,” “one,” “some,” “partly,” “specific,” “detail,” “when,” “where.”

When you use precision, your brain stops storing identity, and starts storing context.

Category 2: Context words that restore what Your brain tries to delete

Context words tell the truth about conditions.

They do not excuse. They explain.

They sound like “because,” “given,” “considering,” “with,” “without,” “under pressure,” “at the time,” “after,” “before.”

Without context, memory becomes cruel.
With context, memory becomes accurate.

Category 3: Continuity words that keep the story open

Continuity words are small, but they act like a doorstop. They prevent your brain from slamming the narrative shut.

They include “yet,” “next,” “now,” “currently,” “learning,” “practicing,” “improving,” “adjusting,” “experimenting,” “progress,” “direction,” “trend.”

One of the strongest continuity words is “yet,” because it refuses the final verdict.

Category 4: Compassion words that prevent identity poisoning

Compassion words are not childish. They are nervous system language. They reduce the internal threat response that makes negative material feel more urgent.

Meta analytic research has examined components of self compassion and their links to wellbeing and distress, suggesting that harsh self responding relates strongly to distress, while warmer components relate more to wellbeing.

Compassion words include “human,” “understandable,” “allowed,” “gentle,” “safe,” “worthy,” “supported.”

When you reduce internal threat, the brain does not need to keep flashing the failure memory like a warning sign.

Category 5: Evidence words that retrain what gets recorded

Evidence words are the most “AI search friendly” part of this whole approach, because they force specificity and proof.

They include “evidence,” “data,” “example,” “instance,” “record,” “notice,” “track,” “measure,” “observe,” “trend,” and the underrated miracle word “also.”

“Also” is detox gold because it widens the frame without denying pain.

“I messed up, and I also showed up.”
“I struggled, and I also kept going.”
“I failed, and I also learned something specific.”

That one word changes what your brain stores.

Table 1: Word categories and what they do to memory storage

Word category	What it changes in your brain	What it helps your mind store instead
Precision	Reduces global thinking	One moment, one detail, one learnable point
Context	Restores conditions and causes	A fair story, not a shame story
Continuity	Keeps identity flexible	Growth, adjustment, next steps
Compassion	Lowers internal threat	Safety, self trust, regulation
Evidence	Forces proof and balance	Progress records, coping memories, repair memories

Read that table slowly. This is the detox logic. You are not “being positive.” You are changing your brain’s filing labels.

The caption method: A fast script for the moment Your brain tries to archive a failure

When you catch yourself looping a mistake, use this three sentence structure. It is deliberately simple so you can do it in real time.

Sentence one: Name the headline.
Sentence two: Write a caption using precision and context.
Sentence three: Add continuity and evidence.

Here is what it looks like in human language.

“My brain’s headline is that I’m incompetent.”
“In this task today, I missed a step because I rushed.”
“I can slow down next time, and I also fixed it once I noticed.”

Do you feel the shift? You did not erase responsibility. You removed the poison. Now the brain can store repair instead of shame.

Table 2: Failure language → detox rewrite → new memory folder

Failure biased sentence your brain loves	Detox rewrite using Words of Power	New “folder” your brain saves
“I always mess things up.”	“In this situation, I missed a step today, and I can adjust next time.”	Specific moment → adjustable skill
“This proves I’m not good enough.”	“This shows what I still need to practice, not what I am.”	Skill gap → training target
“I failed again.”	“Today I met the same obstacle, which means I found the exact place to learn.”	Obstacle → learning map
“I’m so behind.”	“Right now my pace is slower because I’m carrying more.”	Pace → load acknowledged
“I ruined it.”	“I impacted it, and I can repair what is mine to repair.”	Responsibility → repair memory
“I can’t do anything right.”	“I’m focused on the mistake, and there are also things I handled well.”	Attention widened → balanced record
“I’m embarrassing.”	“I had a human moment, and it doesn’t define my worth.”	Moment → not identity
“I’ll never change.”	“Change is slow, and I’m already noticing what needs to shift.”	Process → underway

If you do nothing else, borrow the sentence structures. Your brain learns structure faster than it learns inspiration.

The hidden engine behind “only saving failures”: Rumination as a storage amplifier

A failure memory becomes sticky when you keep returning to it with the same meaning.

Rumination often pretends to be problem solving, but it usually does not produce plans. It produces identity conclusions.

In that adolescent depression study, higher rumination was associated with more negative self relevant memory patterns on self referential tasks. This is a powerful reminder that the way we think repetitively about ourselves can become a training program for negative memory.

Detox question to ask yourself when you notice rumination is simple.

“Am I looking for learning, or am I collecting evidence for a harsh identity story?”

Then you apply one evidence word: “specific.”

“What is one specific thing I can learn from this?”
Not “What does this prove about me?”

The two truths sentence: The most realistic way to remember progress

People often resist balanced language because it sounds like denial. Two Truths is the opposite of denial. It includes the hard truth and adds the missing truth.

It follows a simple pattern.

“I feel ___, and ___ is also true.”

“I feel disappointed, and I also showed up.”
“I feel ashamed, and I also care.”
“I feel behind, and I’m moving in the right direction.”
“I feel scared, and I can take one step.”

This sentence does something your brain rarely does on its own: it stores complexity. Complexity is healing because it is accurate.

Illustrated brain filled with layered words, with large text “MEMORY” and a red handwritten phrase across it, symbolizing memory bias detox and healing how the mind stores experiences.

The evidence shelf: A nonstandard practice that changes Your memory archive in 30 seconds a day

Your brain stocks the “Failures” shelf automatically. So you stock the “Evidence” shelf intentionally.

Once a day, write one line that starts with this:

“Evidence: today I ___.”

Do not aim for inspirational. Aim for recordable.

Evidence: today I rested before I collapsed.
Evidence: today I answered the email I avoided.
Evidence: today I apologized without self punishment.
Evidence: today I asked for help.
Evidence: today I noticed my trigger and paused.

This practice pairs beautifully with the word “trend.”

One day is a snapshot. A trend is your real story.

Training memory flexibility without turning Your life into a clinical protocol

Sometimes people cannot access positive memories easily. Not because they do not exist, but because retrieval is narrow, especially under stress.

There are interventions that explicitly target autobiographical memory processes, including Memory Specificity Training and memory flexibility approaches, discussed in the clinical literature.

You do not need a workbook to borrow the principle.

Instead of asking your brain for a “happy memory,” ask for a “coping memory.”

“Show me one specific moment I coped.”
“Show me one specific moment I repaired.”
“Show me one specific moment I kept going.”
“Show me one specific moment I was brave while anxious.”

You are not forcing positivity. You are expanding retrieval range.

This matters because what you can retrieve shapes what you believe is true about you.

A gentle science grounded note on “positive memory training”

Some research has explored training approaches that aim to increase positive autobiographical recall and examine effects on memory bias and resilience. One study used a smartphone based autobiographical memory training designed to increase positive memory recall in dysphoric individuals and measured changes in memory bias and related outcomes.

You do not need to replicate the study to use the insight.

Your brain learns from prompts.
If it is prompted only by threat, it stores threat.
If it is prompted by evidence, it stores evidence.

Your daily language is a prompt.

The micro script table: what to say when life triggers the failure archive

Trigger moment	Old autopilot meaning	Detox sentence (caption language)	What you do next so the brain stores repair
You make a small mistake at work	“I’m incompetent.”	“This is one error in one task today. I can correct it.”	Fix one detail now so the memory becomes “I repaired.”
You feel rejected after a slow reply	“I’m not important.”	“I’m reading uncertainty as danger. I can wait for data.”	Put the phone down for one minute and breathe so the memory becomes “I paused.”
You compare yourself online	“My life is behind.”	“I’m seeing a highlight. My chapter is different.”	Close the app and do one grounding action so the memory becomes “I chose myself.”
An old embarrassment pops up	“I can’t believe I did that.”	“I was learning, and I’m allowed to be human.”	Soften your jaw, hand on chest, so the memory becomes “I met myself kindly.”
You miss a goal you cared about	“I never follow through.”	“I missed this goal, and I can study why, specifically.”	Write one reason and one next step so the memory becomes “I learned.”

This table is not motivational. It is mechanical. And that is why it works.

The reconsolidation friendly reframe: Update the memory while it is open

Here is a practical translation of reconsolidation logic.

When the failure memory appears, it is like a document opened on your screen. Whatever you type into it now can become part of the saved file, especially if it changes meaning and emotional charge. The reconsolidation literature discusses how retrieved memories can be modified and then stored again.

So instead of replaying the same ending, you add the missing paragraph.

Old memory file: “I froze during the presentation.”
Toxic add on: “I’m not made for this.”
Detox update: “I froze because my nervous system spiked, and I still finished, and now I know what to practice.”

Do you see what happened?

You did not lie.
You completed the file.

Why compassion is not softness, it is storage strategy

If your inner voice is harsh, your nervous system stays on alert. Alert brains save threat.

If your inner voice is compassionate, your nervous system settles. Settled brains can store nuance.

The meta analytic work on self compassion components helps explain why the harsh self attacking side is linked strongly with distress, while warmer components relate more to wellbeing.

In detox language, compassion is not a personality trait. It is a nervous system setting.

And the word “safe” is not childish. It is a memory instruction.

You do not need a better past, You need a fairer archive

Your brain has been acting like a courtroom: guilty or not guilty.
A detoxed brain acts like a library: what belongs on the shelf, with context, with labels, with the full record.

Failures are part of your record.
So are repairs.
So is effort.
So is learning.
So is the courage it took to keep going while your mind tried to convince you that one moment defined you.

If you want a single word to carry from this entire article, choose “also.”

It is small enough to use even when you are overwhelmed, and powerful enough to change what your mind saves.

“I struggled, and I also kept going.”
That is not positivity.
That is truth.

Textured watercolor brain illustration surrounded by layered words like “past,” “progress,” and “hope,” representing memory bias detox and shifting the mind from failure focus to growth.

FAQ: Memory bias detox

What is memory bias, and why does my brain remember failures more than successes?

Memory bias is the tendency to recall certain types of experiences more easily than others. Many people notice that mistakes, rejection, and embarrassment feel “louder” in memory than calm wins, especially when the negative moment felt self relevant or socially risky. Research in depression has documented negative attentional bias, meaning attention is pulled toward negative cues and away from positive ones, which can influence what gets encoded and later remembered.
What is negativity bias, and is it the same thing as memory bias?

Negativity bias is a broader pattern where negative information captures attention and carries more psychological weight than equally intense positive information. Memory bias is one place negativity bias shows up, because what your attention highlights is more likely to be stored and easier to retrieve later. In practice, negativity bias often creates a “failure first” archive, even when your real life contains progress, repair, and resilience that deserve equal storage.
How does rumination make failure memories stronger?

Rumination is repetitive, self focused replay that feels like analysis but often strengthens negative meaning instead of creating solutions. The more you replay a failure with a harsh conclusion, the more you train your brain to store the failure as identity level evidence. Research in adolescent depression has linked higher rumination with more negative memory bias on a self referential task, including recalling more negative and fewer positive self relevant words.
Can Memory Bias Detox work without forcing “positive thinking”?

Yes, because the goal is accuracy, not cheerfulness. Memory Bias Detox uses language to replace global shame headlines with specific, contextual captions so your brain stores a fair record. Instead of “I always fail,” you move toward “In this situation, today, I missed a step because I was overwhelmed, and I can adjust next time.” That is not denial. That is a complete narrative, and completeness is what helps memory stop collapsing into a single verdict.
What is memory reconsolidation, and how can words change what I remember?

Memory reconsolidation is the idea that when a memory is retrieved, it can become temporarily changeable before it stabilizes again. That window allows memories to be updated with new information, meaning, and emotional context. In everyday terms, the words you use while recalling an event can influence what gets “re saved” next time.
Which words stop my brain from turning one mistake into “I always fail”?

Words that reduce overgeneralization tend to be the most powerful, because they shrink the story back into reality. Precision words like “today,” “this,” “in this moment,” and “in this situation” prevent identity conclusions. Continuity words like “yet,” “next,” and “learning” keep the narrative open. Evidence words like “also,” “proof,” and “record” force balance, so your mind cannot pretend the failure is the only data point.
Does self compassion really help memory bias, or is it just soft talk?

Self compassion is not a vibe, it is a nervous system signal. When your inner voice is harsh, your brain treats the memory as a threat and keeps it highly accessible. When your inner voice is kinder, the threat level drops and your brain can store nuance, learning, and repair. A large meta analytic review found that the negative components of self compassion (like self judgment and isolation) relate more strongly to psychological distress than the positive components, supporting the idea that reducing harsh self responding matters.
What is “autobiographical memory specificity,” and why does it matter for remembering wins?

Autobiographical memory specificity is the ability to recall specific personal events rather than vague summaries like “my life is a mess” or “nothing ever works out.” Lower specificity can make it harder to retrieve detailed coping moments and progress evidence. Memory Specificity Training (MeST) is an intervention developed to target difficulty recalling specific personally experienced events, and it has been discussed as simple enough to be delivered alongside other supports or via computerized formats.
Is there research behind training memory to reduce negative recall?

Yes. For example, a smartphone based autobiographical memory training study aimed to increase positive memory recall and examine effects on negative memory bias in dysphoric individuals. This supports the broader idea that what you repeatedly prompt and practice can shift retrieval patterns over time.
Is cognitive bias modification (CBM) related to Memory Bias Detox?

They are related in spirit because both target biased processing, especially interpretation. A systematic review and meta analysis in adult depression reported that cognitive bias modification showed a moderate therapeutic effect overall, with interpretation focused CBM (CBM I) showing stronger effects in that analysis. Memory Bias Detox is a practical, language based way to influence interpretation in daily life, even if you never use a formal CBM program.
Can Memory Bias Detox help if I have anxiety or depression?

It can be a supportive practice, especially for reducing overgeneralizing language and rumination loops, but it is not a replacement for professional treatment. If your symptoms are persistent, worsening, or impairing your daily functioning, consider using this tool alongside therapy or evidence based care. If you experience intrusive memories, severe hopelessness, or thoughts of self harm, seek immediate professional support in your area.
What if my “failure memories” are actually trauma memories?

Trauma memories can behave differently than ordinary regret memories, and they may be triggered involuntarily with strong body sensations. Gentle language can still help you reduce shame and add safety, but trauma focused support is often important. A safer approach is to use words that stabilize the present first, then only work with meaning making when you feel regulated. If trauma symptoms are intense, working with a trained clinician can make this process much safer and more effective.

Sources and inspirations

Haubrich, J., Nader, K. (2018). Memory Reconsolidation. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences.
Ao, X., Mo, L., Wei, Z., Yu, W., Zhou, F., Zhang, D. (2020). Negative Bias During Early Attentional Engagement in Major Depressive Disorder. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.
Murray, L., Jaffe, N. M., Tierney, A. O., (2024). Brain mechanisms of rumination and negative self referential processing in adolescent depression. Journal of Affective Disorders.
Leung, C. J., Yiend, J., Lee, T. M. C. (2022). The Relationship Between Attention, Interpretation, and Memory Bias During Facial Perception in Social Anxiety. Behavior Therapy.
Chio, F. H. N., Mak, W. W. S., Yu, B. C. L. (2021). Meta analytic review on the differential effects of self compassion components on well being and psychological distress. Clinical Psychology Review.
Miguel Alvaro, A., Guillén, A. I., Contractor, A. A., Crespo, M. (2021). Positive memory intervention techniques: a scoping review. Memory.
Bovy, L., Ikani, N., van de Kraats, L. N. M., Dresler, M., Tendolkar, I., Vrijsen, J. N. (2022). The effects of daily autobiographical memory training on memory bias, mood and stress resilience in dysphoric individuals. Scientific Reports.
Barry, T. J., Hallford, D. J., Hitchcock, C., Takano, K., Raes, F. (2021). The current state of Memory Specificity Training (MeST) for emotional disorders. Current Opinion in Psychology.
Hitchcock, C., Smith, A. J., Elliott, R., O’Leary, C., (2021). Durable effects of Memory Flexibility Training (MemFlex) on autobiographical memory processes and clinical outcomes: proof of concept trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy.
Li, J., Ma, H., Yang, H., Yu, H., Zhang, N. (2023). Cognitive bias modification for adult depression: A systematic review and meta analysis. Frontiers in Psychology.
Imbriano, G., Waszczuk, M., Rajaram, S., (2022). Association of attention and memory biases for negative stimuli with post traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders.
Figueira, J. S. B., Pacheco, L. B., Lobo, I., (2018). The role of Positive Affect in working memory for maintaining goal relevant information. Frontiers in Psychology.

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