What is jaw release meditation?

Jaw release meditation is a gentle mindfulness practice that helps you reduce excess tension in the jaw muscles, tongue, and face while calming the stress response in the body. Instead of forcing the mouth open, you create small “signals of safety,” such as letting the teeth separate slightly, softening the tongue, and lengthening the exhale. Over time, this can reduce the habit of clenching and help your nervous system return to a calmer baseline more easily.

What is the correct resting position for the jaw?

A commonly recommended neutral resting position is lips softly together, teeth slightly apart, and the tongue resting comfortably without pressing hard. Many people unknowingly keep their teeth touching, which can be a subtle form of clenching. In jaw release meditation, the core cue is simple: create a small space between the upper and lower teeth and let the tongue feel wide and relaxed.

Why does relaxing the jaw calm the nervous system?

The jaw often tightens in effort mode and threat mode. When it softens, breathing tends to become less shallow, and the face stops “bracing.” This matters because breath pacing is strongly tied to autonomic regulation. Slow paced breathing has been studied for its ability to increase cardiac vagal activity and support a calmer physiological state, which can make jaw release easier and more natural.

Can jaw release meditation help with anxiety?

It can help many people feel calmer, especially if their anxiety shows up as clenching, shallow breathing, tight temples, or a rigid face. Research has also explored links between temporomandibular disorders and anxiety, suggesting these experiences can co-occur, even though individual causes and severity vary. Jaw release meditation is not a replacement for therapy, but it can be a supportive “body first” tool that interrupts bracing patterns and helps you downshift more quickly.

Can jaw release meditation reduce teeth grinding or bruxism?

It may help with daytime clenching habits and stress related jaw tension, and some people find that relaxing bedtime routines reduce nighttime tightness. However, bruxism is generally framed in modern consensus work as a behavior and jaw muscle activity, not automatically a disorder, and management depends on symptoms and consequences such as pain or tooth wear. If you suspect sleep bruxism, consider professional guidance alongside relaxation practices.

Is jaw release meditation safe if I have TMJ or TMD pain?

Often yes when it is done gently, without forcing range of motion. The safest approach is to avoid strong stretching and focus on small softening cues, slow breathing, and light touch. Temporomandibular disorders are widely described as multifactorial, so a layered plan that can include self regulation, clinical assessment, and pain informed care is usually most effective. If you have locking, sharp pain, or worsening symptoms, seek evaluation by a qualified clinician.

How long does it take to see results from jaw release meditation?

Many people feel a shift in a few minutes, such as a warmer face, easier breathing, or a softer throat. Changing a long term clenching pattern usually takes repetition. Think of it like retraining a reflex: brief practice done often is more powerful than long practice done rarely. If you attach jaw release to daily triggers, such as opening a laptop or getting into bed, your nervous system learns faster because the cue becomes predictable.

What is the best time of day to practice jaw release meditation?

The best time is when your jaw tends to brace. For many people, that is during work focus, before sleep, and right after waking. A short practice before bed can be especially helpful because it pairs sleep with a “safe enough” signal. If mornings are when you notice tightness, a two minute release right after waking can prevent tension from becoming your baseline for the day.

Why do I clench my jaw without noticing?

Jaw clenching can become an automatic stabilization habit. It often appears during concentration, emotional suppression, overstimulation, or chronic stress. You are not choosing it consciously, which is why awareness based practices matter. A helpful way to work with it is to treat clenching like a notification, not a flaw. Each time you notice it, you create space between the teeth, soften the tongue, and lengthen the exhale. That repetition turns an unconscious habit into a conscious reset.

What if jaw release meditation makes me feel emotional or uncomfortable?

That can happen, especially if clenching has been your body’s way of holding back emotion or staying in control. If you feel a wave of emotion, the goal is not to push through. Use a smaller dose. Soften the jaw only slightly, breathe slowly, then return to neutral. If the reaction feels intense, persistent, or destabilizing, trauma informed support can help you build safety gradually while keeping the practice gentle and grounded.

Jaw release meditation: Why relaxing one muscle can calm Your whole nervous system (and change everything)

There is a specific kind of stress that does not always show up as tears, panic, or obvious overwhelm. Sometimes it shows up as teeth that quietly touch all day long. A tongue that presses upward like it is holding a secret. A jaw that stays slightly “on,” even when you are trying to rest.

Many people think jaw tension is a small habit. A posture quirk. A consequence of chewing gum, drinking coffee, being busy.

But the jaw is rarely just mechanical. It is relational, emotional, and deeply connected to how safe your body feels.

Jaw release meditation is powerful because it starts where stress often hides: in the muscles that help you stay composed. When you soften the jaw, you are not only reducing tension. You are changing the message your nervous system receives about the world.

This article will guide you through an expert but readable understanding of jaw release meditation, why it works, and how to practice it in a way that feels gentle, modern, and real. You will also get clearly visible tables you can return to, plus unconventional micro rituals that take seconds and can fit into ordinary life.

A calm body does not require a perfect life. It requires repeated signals of safety.

Sometimes the first signal is simply this: let your teeth separate.

Why the jaw is a nervous system lever, not just a hinge

The jaw is one of the strongest muscle systems in the body. It is built for survival. It helps you eat, speak, defend, and express. It also helps you brace.

Clenching is a form of bracing. Even when it is subtle, even when you do not notice it, a clenched jaw often travels with a body that is preparing. Preparing to respond. Preparing to perform. Preparing to endure.

In research and clinical language, repetitive jaw muscle activity such as clenching or grinding is often discussed under the term bruxism, which is now commonly framed as a behavior rather than automatically a disorder. A widely cited international consensus report describes bruxism as repetitive jaw muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth, and it emphasizes a graded approach to assessment rather than assuming pathology in every case.

That matters for your self relationship. If you have a clenching habit, it does not mean you are failing at relaxing. It can mean your nervous system is doing its job, sometimes too often, sometimes too intensely.

Jaw release meditation works because it interrupts a feedback loop that many people live inside without realizing it.

Jaw tension often leads to smaller breathing. Smaller breathing often increases arousal. Increased arousal often increases jaw tension.

Here is the loop, written plainly:

Jaw clench → breath becomes smaller → body reads “effort” → stress chemistry rises → jaw clench increases

Jaw soften → breath becomes fuller → body reads “safe enough” → arousal lowers → jaw soften becomes easier

If you have ever noticed your jaw tightening while reading an email, you have already seen the loop in action.

What jaw release meditation is, and what it is not

Jaw release meditation is a mindfulness based and body based practice that reduces excess tone in the jaw system, including the masseter muscles in the cheeks, the temporalis muscles at the temples, the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the upper throat. It usually involves awareness, breath pacing, and small positioning cues that invite the jaw to stop guarding.

It is not forcing your mouth open.

It is not stretching into pain.

It is not “fixing” yourself.

It is a practice of persuading your nervous system.

Persuasion works better than force because clenching is often protective. When you try to rip protection away, the body tends to tighten harder. When you offer the jaw a safer alternative, the body often follows.

The purpose is simple: create a repeatable downshift signal.

Why the jaw holds emotions so easily

The jaw is a place where many people store the emotions they are not allowed to express.

Anger becomes pressure behind the molars.

Grief becomes a throat that tightens and a tongue that braces.

Fear becomes a face that freezes.

Perfectionism becomes a jaw that stays ready.

This is not spiritual metaphor only. It is also consistent with the way painful temporomandibular disorders are widely described as multifactorial and biopsychosocial, involving interactions between biological factors, psychological profile, pain amplification, sleep, and stress related influences.

When the jaw has been “appointed” as your stabilizer, it can become the place you hold yourself together.

Jaw release meditation does something quietly radical. It tells the stabilizer it can rest without danger.

The jaw tension cascade: A simple map You can feel in Your body

When the jaw tightens, it rarely tightens alone. It pulls on neighboring systems.

Below is a map you can use as a body check. This is not a diagnosis. It is a pattern recognition tool.

Table 1: Jaw tension cascade, what it often travels with, and the first best response

What you notice in the moment	What is often happening underneath	First best response that does not force anything
Teeth touching while you concentrate	Effort mode, performance bracing	Create space between teeth, then lengthen the exhale
Tongue pressed hard into the roof of the mouth	Hidden tension in the floor of the mouth, throat guarding	Let the tongue widen and rest, as if it is melting outward
Tightness at temples or a “helmet” feeling	Temporalis overwork, jaw stabilization	Gentle temple circles, then soften the jaw by 10 percent
Neck and shoulder tension rises with clenching	Chain tension from jaw to cervical muscles	Soften jaw first, then allow shoulders to drop naturally
Jaw feels tight at night or on waking	Possible sleep related jaw activity, stress load	Warm hands on cheeks, slow nasal breathing before sleep

Jaw related conditions and oral parafunctional behaviors are frequently discussed alongside sleep quality and psychological factors in modern reviews of temporomandibular disorders.

The science of “downshifting”: Why breath pacing makes jaw release easier

Many people try to relax the jaw by thinking about the jaw. That can work, but it can also backfire. If your nervous system is activated, it may interpret attention as pressure.

Breath pacing is a gentler entry point.

Slow paced breathing is widely studied as a bottom up regulation technique, often linked with increased cardiac vagal activity and shifts in autonomic balance, especially when the exhale is unhurried and the breathing rhythm is slow. A study investigating slow paced breathing at six cycles per minute explored dose response effects on cardiac vagal activity.

A separate study in Psychophysiology examined psychophysiological effects of slow paced breathing at six cycles per minute, including considerations around HRV biofeedback versus slow breathing alone.

A Scientific Reports paper also used paced breathing at six breaths per minute in an experimental design and observed changes in vagal related measures, while noting that effects can vary by context and individual factors.

You do not need to measure your HRV to benefit from the idea.

Your body often understands one simple cue: longer exhale equals safer moment.

When the exhale lengthens, jaw tone often decreases because the whole system starts to step out of urgency.

Illustrated woman sitting with eyes closed, gently touching her jawline during jaw release meditation in a bright, calm living room.

A calm space principle: Do not aim for “fully relaxed,” aim for “slightly softer”

If you have chronic clenching, your jaw may not trust relaxation. For some people, a softened jaw can feel exposed, like something might slip out.

So we use a more realistic goal: soften by 10 percent.

Ten percent is enough to change the signal.

Ten percent is also sustainable.

Sustainable is how your nervous system learns.

Jaw release meditation, guided practice (15 minutes, no forcing)

Use this practice sitting, lying down, or reclining. If you have sharp jaw pain, jaw locking, or known joint instability, keep the movements minimal and focus on breath and gentleness. Pain is not proof of progress.

Minute 0 to 2: Set the jaw’s neutral position

Allow the lips to meet softly.

Now notice the teeth. If they are touching, you are already bracing. Let the upper and lower teeth separate slightly. Not dramatically. Just enough space for air.

Now notice the tongue. Many people hold the tongue like a fist. Let it widen. Let it rest. Imagine the tongue has permission to be lazy.

Take a slow inhale through the nose.

Take a slower exhale through the nose.

Do that again.

You are telling the body: we are not running right now.

Minute 2 to 5: The “internal heaviness” cue

Instead of opening your mouth, imagine the lower jaw becoming heavier inside your face.

This is a strange cue, but it works because it does not trigger stretch reflex. You are not pulling. You are allowing.

As you exhale, imagine the jaw unhooking from its job.

If thoughts appear, let them be background noise. Your only task is this: teeth apart, tongue soft, exhale longer.

If you want a rhythm, try this for a few rounds:

Inhale gently for about four seconds.

Exhale gently for about six seconds.

Slow paced breathing research often uses rhythms near six breaths per minute, which roughly matches this kind of pacing.

Minute 5 to 8: Cheek cradle, the masseter softening

Place the pads of your fingers on the thick muscle in your cheek, near the back teeth. If you clench lightly, you can feel the muscle rise. Now stop clenching.

Massage in small circles. Keep it tender. This is not deep tissue. This is reassurance.

Then pause, and notice what your jaw does when you stop touching it.

Many people reclench immediately. That is normal. It means the habit is automatic, not that you failed.

Return to the cue: teeth apart.

Return to the breath: longer exhale.

Minute 8 to 11: Temple release, the quiet pressure behind the eyes

Bring your fingers to your temples.

Circle slowly.

Then let your eyes rest behind closed lids. The face is one system. When the eyes soften, the jaw often follows.

Keep breathing as if you are breathing down into the lower ribs, even if the sensation is subtle.

Minute 11 to 13: Throat softness, the hidden jaw partner

Jaw tension often includes throat tension. To soften the throat without forcing it, imagine that the inside of your mouth is spacious.

Do not pull the jaw open. Simply imagine there is more room behind the tongue.

Exhale as if you are exhaling warmth, not air. That warmth cue often reduces internal bracing.

Minute 13 to 15: Integration, teaching the body where to use this in real life

Now think of one ordinary moment where you usually clench.

Maybe opening your inbox.

Maybe holding your phone.

Maybe trying to fall asleep.

Now imagine doing the smallest version of the practice in that moment:

Trigger appears → you notice jaw → teeth separate → tongue widens → exhale longer → shoulders drop naturally

This is how the practice becomes a life skill.

Open your eyes when you are ready. Keep the softness. Not perfect softness, just slightly softer.

The three portal method: When the jaw will not relax directly

Sometimes you try to soften your jaw and nothing happens. Or it tightens more. That does not mean you are doing it wrong. It means your body prefers a different entry point.

Portal one is the exhale.

Portal two is the tongue.

Portal three is the eyes.

Exhale lengthens → throat softens → jaw often follows

Tongue widens → floor of mouth softens → jaw often follows

Eyes soften → face unbraces → jaw often follows

Slow paced breathing is one of the most studied bottom up approaches for autonomic regulation, which is why the exhale portal is often the easiest for a stressed system.

Use the portal that your body accepts today. Consistency matters more than the specific route.

Close-up illustration of a woman with eyes closed, hands on her cheeks and jawline during jaw release meditation to soften facial tension.

Micro rituals for real life, designed for busy nervous systems

Here are micro rituals that do not require a yoga mat or a silent room. Read them slowly and choose one to adopt for a week. Not all. One.

The “email jaw vow” ritual

Every time you open your email, make a quiet vow to your jaw: we do not bite information.

Open inbox → notice teeth → create space → exhale longer

This trains your body to stop pairing productivity with bracing.

The “sips and space” ritual

Before the first sip of coffee, tea, or water, let the teeth separate.

Sip → swallow → check jaw space again

Many people clench during swallowing without noticing. This ritual turns hydration into a regulation cue.

The “phone face reset” ritual

Phones pull the face into effort. The eyes narrow. The jaw braces. The shoulders rise.

So we reverse it.

Pick up phone → soften eyes → widen tongue → let teeth separate → breathe out slowly

You are not trying to use your phone less. You are trying to use your phone without becoming a clenched version of yourself.

Why jaw tension is often linked with stress, pain, and oral behaviors

This section is not here to scare you. It is here to make your experience make sense.

Painful temporomandibular disorders are commonly described as multifactorial, with contributions from biological and mechanical aspects, but also sleep, emotional stress, and psychosocial factors.

A systematic review in Frontiers in Psychiatry examined evidence for associations between temporomandibular disorders and anxiety, finding an association while also noting limitations in certainty across studies.

More recent work continues to explore how psychological variables relate to TMD severity and oral behaviors. For example, a 2025 study highlighted that anxiety may affect painful TMD primarily through non functional oral behaviors, suggesting that targeting both anxiety and oral behaviors can matter in management.

This supports a key point for Calm Space readers: jaw release meditation is not only about muscles. It is also about interrupting non functional bracing behaviors that your body uses to cope.

If your jaw tightens when you are stressed, it is not random. It is patterned.

A practical nervous system translation: What Your jaw is trying to accomplish

Here is a compassionate translation that many people find surprisingly soothing.

Clenching often means: I am trying to stay in control.

Grinding often means: my body is processing something while I sleep.

Tongue pressing often means: I am holding back words or feelings.

Tight temples often mean: I have been thinking without resting.

Jaw release meditation does not judge these strategies.

It gives your body an upgrade.

Table 2: The jaw language table, decoding tension into needs

Jaw pattern	Nervous system message	Hidden need	A calming response you can actually do
Clenching during focus	I must perform	Safety through control	Teeth apart plus longer exhale while continuing the task
Clenching during conflict	I must not react	Safety through restraint	Tongue soften plus slow exhale before speaking
Tight jaw at bedtime	I must stay alert	Safety through vigilance	Cheek cradle and paced breathing before sleep
Jaw tight on waking	I worked all night	Recovery is incomplete	Gentle massage and a slow morning start, even for two minutes
Teeth touching most of the day	My baseline is braced	Permission to soften	Micro check ins tied to daily triggers

This is not a substitute for clinical evaluation when pain is significant, but it is a powerful self awareness framework that supports behavior change, which modern biopsychosocial approaches often emphasize.

The unconventional part: Turn jaw release into identity, not homework

Most self care fails because it becomes homework.

Homework creates pressure.

Pressure creates clenching.

So we do something else. We make jaw release an identity cue.

Instead of saying, “I should relax my jaw,” you say, “I am someone who keeps space between my teeth.”

It sounds small. That is the point.

Small is repeatable. Repeatable is regulating.

To make it even more embodied, choose a symbol. Choose one phrase you like.

Space.

Unhook.

Soft mouth.

Easy face.

Every time you remember, you repeat your symbol on the exhale. No drama. Just repetition.

Table 3: Trigger based training plan, the habit loop that makes it stick

Your trigger in daily life	Your two second action	Your body’s new association
Opening a laptop	Teeth separate and exhale longer	Work does not require bracing
Washing hands	Tongue widens and jaw softens 10 percent	Clean hands, calmer face
Waiting in line	Soften eyes and breathe out slowly	Waiting is not danger
Getting into bed	Warm hands on cheeks, nasal breathing	Bed equals safety cue
Hearing a notification	Jaw check and shoulder drop	Sound does not equal urgency

Because stress and anxiety can relate to oral behaviors and jaw related symptoms, linking a micro intervention to predictable triggers can be a meaningful self management approach for many people.

When jaw release meditation brings up emotion, and how to stay safe with it

Sometimes the jaw is not only tension. Sometimes it is containment.

If you soften the jaw and suddenly feel sadness, anger, or shakiness, it may mean your body used clenching to keep emotion manageable.

This is not a sign you should stop forever. It is a sign you should go slower.

Use the 10 percent rule.

Soften 10 percent → breathe → return to neutral

Then do it again later.

If emotion feels intense or destabilizing, trauma informed support can be wise. The goal is safety, not intensity.

When to add professional support

If you have persistent jaw pain, jaw locking, painful clicking, significant headaches, tooth wear, or sleep disruption, consider consulting a clinician experienced in orofacial pain or temporomandibular disorders. Modern reviews emphasize that painful TMD is often multifactorial and that a single cause is unlikely, which is exactly why getting a good assessment can matter.

If you suspect sleep related jaw activity, discuss it with a dental professional, especially if there is tooth damage or pain. Remember that bruxism is framed as a behavior in consensus work, and management often depends on consequences and individual context.

Jaw release meditation can be a supportive layer, but it should not be your only layer when symptoms are severe.

A calm space closing: One muscle, one message, one new baseline

Your jaw has been trying to protect you.

It protected you through difficult conversations, overstimulation, overthinking, and the quiet pressure to be okay.

Now you are teaching it a new skill: protection without pressure.

Teeth not touching.

Tongue not bracing.

Exhale longer.

This is not a dramatic transformation. It is a steady one.

And steady is how nervous systems heal.

If you practice jaw release meditation for a few minutes a day, or even for a few seconds at the right moments, you are doing something surprisingly profound. You are replacing a bracing reflex with a softness reflex.

One muscle relaxes.

A message changes.

Everything downstream can start to change too.

Man with eyes closed gently touching his jawline during jaw release meditation in a calm bedroom, relaxing facial tension.

FAQ: Jaw release meditation

What is jaw release meditation?

Jaw release meditation is a gentle mindfulness practice that helps you reduce excess tension in the jaw muscles, tongue, and face while calming the stress response in the body. Instead of forcing the mouth open, you create small “signals of safety,” such as letting the teeth separate slightly, softening the tongue, and lengthening the exhale. Over time, this can reduce the habit of clenching and help your nervous system return to a calmer baseline more easily.
What is the correct resting position for the jaw?

A commonly recommended neutral resting position is lips softly together, teeth slightly apart, and the tongue resting comfortably without pressing hard. Many people unknowingly keep their teeth touching, which can be a subtle form of clenching. In jaw release meditation, the core cue is simple: create a small space between the upper and lower teeth and let the tongue feel wide and relaxed.
Why does relaxing the jaw calm the nervous system?

The jaw often tightens in effort mode and threat mode. When it softens, breathing tends to become less shallow, and the face stops “bracing.” This matters because breath pacing is strongly tied to autonomic regulation. Slow paced breathing has been studied for its ability to increase cardiac vagal activity and support a calmer physiological state, which can make jaw release easier and more natural.
Can jaw release meditation help with anxiety?

It can help many people feel calmer, especially if their anxiety shows up as clenching, shallow breathing, tight temples, or a rigid face. Research has also explored links between temporomandibular disorders and anxiety, suggesting these experiences can co-occur, even though individual causes and severity vary. Jaw release meditation is not a replacement for therapy, but it can be a supportive “body first” tool that interrupts bracing patterns and helps you downshift more quickly.
Can jaw release meditation reduce teeth grinding or bruxism?

It may help with daytime clenching habits and stress related jaw tension, and some people find that relaxing bedtime routines reduce nighttime tightness. However, bruxism is generally framed in modern consensus work as a behavior and jaw muscle activity, not automatically a disorder, and management depends on symptoms and consequences such as pain or tooth wear. If you suspect sleep bruxism, consider professional guidance alongside relaxation practices.
Is jaw release meditation safe if I have TMJ or TMD pain?

Often yes when it is done gently, without forcing range of motion. The safest approach is to avoid strong stretching and focus on small softening cues, slow breathing, and light touch. Temporomandibular disorders are widely described as multifactorial, so a layered plan that can include self regulation, clinical assessment, and pain informed care is usually most effective. If you have locking, sharp pain, or worsening symptoms, seek evaluation by a qualified clinician.
How long does it take to see results from jaw release meditation?

Many people feel a shift in a few minutes, such as a warmer face, easier breathing, or a softer throat. Changing a long term clenching pattern usually takes repetition. Think of it like retraining a reflex: brief practice done often is more powerful than long practice done rarely. If you attach jaw release to daily triggers, such as opening a laptop or getting into bed, your nervous system learns faster because the cue becomes predictable.
What is the best time of day to practice jaw release meditation?

The best time is when your jaw tends to brace. For many people, that is during work focus, before sleep, and right after waking. A short practice before bed can be especially helpful because it pairs sleep with a “safe enough” signal. If mornings are when you notice tightness, a two minute release right after waking can prevent tension from becoming your baseline for the day.
Why do I clench my jaw without noticing?

Jaw clenching can become an automatic stabilization habit. It often appears during concentration, emotional suppression, overstimulation, or chronic stress. You are not choosing it consciously, which is why awareness based practices matter. A helpful way to work with it is to treat clenching like a notification, not a flaw. Each time you notice it, you create space between the teeth, soften the tongue, and lengthen the exhale. That repetition turns an unconscious habit into a conscious reset.
What if jaw release meditation makes me feel emotional or uncomfortable?

That can happen, especially if clenching has been your body’s way of holding back emotion or staying in control. If you feel a wave of emotion, the goal is not to push through. Use a smaller dose. Soften the jaw only slightly, breathe slowly, then return to neutral. If the reaction feels intense, persistent, or destabilizing, trauma informed support can help you build safety gradually while keeping the practice gentle and grounded.

Sources and inspirations

Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation (2018).
Kapos FP, Exposto FG, Oyarzo JF, Durham J. Temporomandibular disorders: a review of current concepts in aetiology, diagnosis and management. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology (2020).
dos Santos EA, Association between temporomandibular disorders and anxiety: a systematic review. Frontiers in Psychiatry (2022).
Warzocha J, Etiologic Factors of Temporomandibular Disorders. Healthcare (2024).
Michelotti A, Oral behaviors mediate the relationship between anxiety and painful temporomandibular disorders. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry (2025).
You M, Laborde S, Single slow paced breathing session at six cycles per minute: investigation of dose response relationship o
n cardiac vagal activity. (2021).
Laborde S, Psychophysiological effects of slow paced breathing at six cycles per minute. Psychophysiology (2022).
Vosseler A, Slow deep breathing modulates cardiac vagal activity but not breathlessness: experimental study with paced breathing at six breaths per minute. Scientific Reports (2021).
Wan J, Temporomandibular disorders and mental health. (2025, open access).
AlSahman L, Association of stress, anxiety and depression with temporomandibular disorders in young adults: systematic review. Archives of Medical Science (2023).
Chouchou F, Autonomic cardiac regulation to slow paced respiration in seated and supine positions. Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology (2025).
Saini RS, Temporomandibular disorders and psychological factors: systematic review and meta analysis. Head and Face Medicine (2025)

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