Is it normal to need a drink to relax every evening?

It’s common, but it can be a sign that your body has learned to rely on alcohol as its primary nervous system “off switch.” When relaxation becomes dependent on a drink, calm is often borrowed rather than built. The goal is to expand your ability to downshift without needing alcohol to do it for you.

Why does alcohol make me feel calm so quickly?

Alcohol can temporarily reduce feelings of stress by changing brain signaling and lowering the sense of threat in the body. That quick relief can feel like calm, but it’s often a chemically induced state rather than a skill-based one. Over time, the brain can adapt, which may reduce the soothing effect and increase reliance.

What is “borrowed calm” in simple terms?

Borrowed calm means you feel relaxed because something external created that state for you, most commonly alcohol. Built calm means you can access relaxation through internal skills and physiology, like breath regulation, movement, emotional processing, and consistent sleep. Borrowed calm tends to come with a rebound, built calm tends to grow with repetition.

Why do I feel more anxious the next day after drinking?

Many people experience rebound anxiety, sometimes called “hangxiety.” Alcohol can disrupt sleep quality, increase physiological arousal later in the night, and leave the nervous system more reactive the next day. Even if you don’t feel “hungover,” your body may still be recovering in ways that raise anxiety sensitivity.

Can one drink still affect sleep and anxiety?

Yes, for some people even one drink can reduce sleep quality, especially in the second half of the night, which can make mood and stress tolerance worse the next day. The impact varies by body, timing, and overall stress load, but if you’re using alcohol specifically to unwind or sleep, it’s worth tracking how you feel the next morning.

Is drinking to relax the same as alcohol dependence?

Not necessarily. Drinking to relax is a behavior pattern, while dependence involves loss of control, withdrawal symptoms, and continued use despite harm. However, using alcohol as your main coping strategy can increase risk over time because it trains the brain to associate relief with drinking. If you feel unable to cut back when you want to, that’s a strong signal to seek support.

How can I relax without alcohol when my mind won’t shut off?

Start with a state change, not willpower. A short transition ritual often works better than forcing yourself to “be calm.” Try this sequence before deciding about alcohol: drink water, change into comfortable clothes, dim lights, use slow exhale breathing for a few minutes, then do gentle movement. When your body downshifts, your mind usually follows.

What is the best substitute for alcohol to unwind at night?

The best substitute is not just another drink, it’s a nervous system routine that creates safety. Warmth, breath pacing, a hot shower, slow music, light stretching, and low-stimulation lighting can produce real downregulation. Many people also benefit from a comforting non-alcoholic beverage as a sensory cue, but the deeper “replacement” is the ritual that changes your internal state.

How long does it take to stop needing alcohol to relax?

There isn’t one timeline, but many people notice changes within a few weeks when they consistently practice new downshift habits and protect sleep. The key is repetition. Each evening you create calm without alcohol, you teach your brain that safety is available internally, which reduces cravings over time.

What should I do when a craving hits at night?

Treat cravings like waves, not emergencies. Give yourself a 10–15 minute buffer and do a calming protocol first, such as slow exhale breathing plus gentle movement. Cravings often peak and fall, and your job is to stay with your body through the peak. After the wave passes, you can choose from a calmer place rather than reacting from stress.

Is it better to quit completely or just cut back?

That depends on your body, your goals, and your relationship with alcohol. For some people, cutting back and building calm skills is enough. For others, moderation keeps the loop alive and sobriety feels easier and more stable. A useful question is: do you have real choice, or does stress make the decision for you?

When should I talk to a professional about my drinking?

If you can’t reliably cut back, if you drink more than you intend, if you experience withdrawal symptoms, or if alcohol is closely tied to anxiety, sleep problems, or mood changes, professional support can be a smart next step. It’s also important to seek help if you feel unsafe, depressed, or emotionally unstable when you try to stop.

Does alcohol really increase cancer risk?

Major health authorities have linked alcohol to increased risk for multiple cancers. If your main reason for drinking is relaxation, this can be extra motivation to build calm in safer ways that support both mental health and long-term physical health.

What are signs my “calm” is borrowed, not built?

If you feel like you can’t fully unwind without a drink, if evenings trigger urgency or irritability until you pour something, or if you sleep but wake up wired and anxious, your calm may be chemically assisted rather than skill-based. Built calm usually comes with a sense of choice and steadier mornings.

If You need a drink to relax, Your calm is borrowed, not built

A quiet question that changes everything

Picture a normal evening. The day was long, your brain is loud, your shoulders are up by your ears, and you can almost feel your thoughts racing in the background like an engine that will not shut off. Then you pour a drink. Within minutes, your chest loosens. Your jaw unclenches. The edge comes off. You finally feel like yourself again.

It feels like relief.

But here is the uncomfortable truth hiding inside that relief: if a drink is the only reliable bridge from tension to peace, then the calm you are feeling is not something your nervous system knows how to create on its own yet. It is calm rented from a chemical shortcut. It is calm on credit.

And credit always has interest.

This article is not here to shame you. It is here to give you language, clarity, and a genuinely workable alternative, especially if you are the kind of person who has tried “just relax” and found it almost insulting. We will talk about what borrowed calm really is, why it happens, why it can quietly intensify anxiety over time, and how to build a calm that belongs to you, even on nights when life is messy.

If you have ever thought, “I deserve this drink,” I want to offer a reframe that is softer and more honest: you deserve relief, and you deserve relief that does not steal from tomorrow.

Borrowed calm vs built calm: The simplest definition

Borrowed calm is a state of temporary downshifting that comes mainly from an external agent, most commonly alcohol, that changes your brain chemistry quickly and reliably.

Built calm is a state of downshifting that comes mainly from skills, physiology, and emotional regulation capacity you can access with or without any substance. Built calm is not always instant, but it is stable. It does not come with the same rebound effect, and it strengthens with repetition.

Alcohol can feel like a fast elevator down from stress. Built calm is more like installing stairs in your own home. The elevator is convenient. The stairs make you free.

To make the difference tangible, here is a snapshot:

Feature	Borrowed calm (alcohol centered)	Built calm (nervous system centered)
Speed	Fast, often minutes	Slower at first, then faster with practice
Reliability	Feels consistent short term	Becomes consistent long term
After effects	Rebound stress, sleep disruption, next day anxiety for many people	Better sleep quality and emotional steadiness over time
Identity impact	“I relax when I drink”	“I know how to relax”
Long term cost	Higher risk of dependence patterns, health risks	Strengthened resilience and self trust

The goal is not perfection. The goal is choice. When you have built calm, alcohol is no longer your only door to peace.

Why alcohol feels like calm in the first place

Your brain is not “weak” for responding to alcohol. Your nervous system is doing what nervous systems do: it seeks relief from threat and overload.

Alcohol is described by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism as “dually reinforcing,” because it can activate reward systems and also reduce activity in brain systems involved in negative emotional states like stress and anxiety.

In plain language, alcohol often makes the body feel safer, at least briefly.

A big part of that is how alcohol influences inhibitory and excitatory signaling. Many people experience an initial slowing of inner tension and vigilance. Over time, the brain adapts, and this is where the borrowed calm storyline becomes expensive.

Research on GABA related mechanisms in alcohol use disorder and withdrawal describes how chronic exposure and withdrawal states can be associated with reduced inhibitory function and changes that support compulsive use, including use driven by avoiding anxiety, not just seeking pleasure.

This matters because it explains a very common lived experience:

You drink to relax.
Your brain adapts.
Then you need more, or you need it more often, not to feel good, but to feel normal.

That is not a character flaw. That is neuroadaptation.

The hidden bill: Rebound anxiety and the “calm crash”

Borrowed calm often comes with a later wave that can feel like the opposite of calm: restlessness, rumination, irritability, or a subtle dread that seems to arrive for no clear reason. Many people call this “hangxiety,” but even without a classic hangover, the emotional rebound can still happen.

The simplest way to picture it is a nervous system pendulum:

Stress is high → alcohol pushes it down quickly → the brain works to restore balance → arousal rises back up, sometimes overshooting → anxiety feels louder than before.

You can visualize it like this:

Tension → drink → sedation and relief → compensation → lighter sleep and physiological arousal → anxious morning

This pendulum is one reason the drink that helped you unwind can quietly make tomorrow feel harder. Over time, the brain learns a dangerous lesson: calm is not something we generate, calm is something we consume.

Sleep: Where borrowed calm quietly steals Your emotional stability

A lot of people do not drink to “party.” They drink to land the day. They drink to stop thinking. They drink to fall asleep.

Alcohol can reduce the time it takes to fall asleep for some people, but sleep quality is not just about falling asleep. It is about cycling through restorative stages in a stable rhythm.

A 2024 study on sleep architecture after consecutive nights of alcohol showed substantial effects on sleep structure, including decreases in REM sleep, reinforcing that using alcohol as a sleep aid is a public health concern.

A 2025 systematic review and meta analysis on alcohol and subsequent sleep in healthy adults similarly highlights that even when alcohol shortens sleep onset, it can disrupt REM sleep and later night sleep quality.

Why does this matter emotionally?

Because REM sleep is strongly tied to emotional processing and stress adaptation. If you consistently blunt REM sleep, you may feel more reactive, more fragile, and more easily overwhelmed, which then makes the desire for “something to take the edge off” even stronger.

That is how a sleep based loop forms:

Anxiety at night → drink to sleep → poorer emotional processing → more anxiety the next day → more need for a drink at night

This loop is not moral. It is mechanical. And anything mechanical can be redesigned.

Warm, quiet corner with an armchair by a sunlit window, open book on the floor, and an empty glass—calm without alcohol.

When “I only drink to relax” becomes a risk pattern

Not everyone who drinks to relax has an alcohol use disorder. But drinking as your primary emotional regulation strategy is a meaningful risk factor, because it teaches your brain a single coping pathway.

Large scale research consistently shows strong overlap between alcohol problems and mental health symptoms. For example, people with common mental disorders like depression and anxiety are more likely to report alcohol use disorder compared with those without these disorders.

Research also suggests the relationship between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorder can run in both directions, meaning each can increase risk for the other over time.

A practical takeaway is this: if your calm depends on alcohol, you are not just borrowing calm, you are gradually outsourcing your nervous system regulation to something that can escalate risk in both directions.

The self medication myth, and the truth beneath it

Many people believe, “Alcohol helps my anxiety.” In the short term, it might feel that way. But a systematic review examining the self medication hypothesis in the context of post traumatic stress and problematic alcohol use notes the model is conceptually appealing, widely accepted, yet the empirical findings are inconsistent and methodologically complicated.

Here is the gentler truth beneath the myth: you are not trying to harm yourself. You are trying to soothe yourself. The problem is that alcohol is a soothing strategy that can erode soothing capacity over time.

So the real question becomes:

What are you actually trying to soothe?

For some people it is sensory overload and nervous system hyperarousal.
For others it is loneliness that becomes louder at night.
For others it is social anxiety, masking, or the pressure of performing competence all day.
For others it is trauma stored in the body, surfacing when the world gets quiet.

Your “need for a drink” is often not about alcohol. It is about relief.

A non conventional lens: Your calm account, Your calm debt, Your calm assets

Let’s make this more concrete with a metaphor that is surprisingly useful.

Imagine you have a Calm Account.

Every day, life withdraws from it: deadlines, noise, conflict, caregiving, decision fatigue, trauma triggers, too much screen time, too little rest.

You can deposit calm through things that teach your nervous system safety: sleep, movement, connection, breath regulation, boundaries, sunlight, therapy, meaningful downtime, and skillful emotional processing.

Alcohol can feel like a deposit, but in this metaphor it is often more like a short term loan that makes your balance look better tonight, while increasing fees tomorrow.

So the calm question is not “Should I drink?”
The calm question is “What deposit am I missing that alcohol is trying to replace?”

A quick self check: Is Your calm borrowed right now?

You can often spot borrowed calm by its emotional signature. Borrowed calm is frequently paired with urgency, like “I need something now.” Built calm can include urgency too, but it usually becomes accessible without the feeling of being cornered.

Here is a table you can use like a mirror, not a verdict:

If this is true for you…	It might mean…	A built calm experiment
You cannot fully relax until you pour a drink	Your body associates evening with unresolved arousal	Create a 12 minute downshift ritual before any decision about alcohol
One drink turns into several more often than you intend	Your brain is chasing regulation, not flavor	Pair your first calming cue with a non alcohol second cue, like a shower or breath pacing
You drink mostly when you feel socially tense	Alcohol is acting as social safety	Practice micro exposure plus self soothing, then reward, so your brain learns safety without a drink
You sleep but wake up at 3 a m wired	Alcohol may be disrupting sleep architecture	Shift to earlier calm building, protect REM, track mornings not just nights
You feel “flat” without alcohol	Your baseline calm system may be undertrained	Build calm assets daily in small doses, like a savings plan

None of these mean you are broken. They mean your system has been doing the best it can with the tools it has.

Now let’s add tools.

How to build calm that belongs to You

Built calm is not a personality trait. It is a set of trainable nervous system skills. The body learns through repetition and association, not through willpower alone.

Below are several approaches that work best when combined. Notice the theme: we are not just removing a drink. We are building a replacement pathway.

1) Build a “bridge ritual” for the first 20 minutes after work

Most evening drinking happens in a vulnerable transition window: the moment you arrive home, the moment you close the laptop, the moment you finally stop performing.

If you do nothing in that window, your nervous system chooses the fastest available regulator. For many people, that is alcohol.

So we design a bridge.

A bridge ritual has one job: signal safety to the body before you decide what you want.

Try this sequence, exactly as written, for one week:

You enter your home → you drink a full glass of water → you change clothes immediately → you dim lights in one room → you put one hand on your chest, one on your belly, and slow your exhale for 3 minutes → you do 7 minutes of gentle movement, even if it is just stretching → you make a warm non alcohol drink

Then, and only then, you decide whether you still want alcohol.

This works because you are not fighting the craving head on. You are changing your state first.

State changes choices.

2) Train your exhale like it is a remote control for your nervous system

If you only learn one regulation skill, learn this: a longer exhale tends to support parasympathetic activation, the branch associated with rest and digestion. You do not need perfect breathing. You need consistent cues.

Try a simple ratio for five minutes:

Inhale for 4 seconds → exhale for 6 seconds → repeat

If your mind races, that is fine. We are training your body, not grading your thoughts.

This is built calm because it teaches your system that relief can be generated internally, with no external chemical required.

3) Replace “numbing” with “softening,” they are not the same

Alcohol often numbs. Numbing can feel like peace, but it is more like a pause button.

Softening is different. Softening means your feelings can exist, but they stop dominating your whole body.

Softening practices include warmth, safe touch, gentle rocking, slow music, self compassion language, and body based safety signals. They do not erase emotion, they widen your capacity to hold it.

If you tend to drink when you feel too much, your nervous system may not need less emotion. It may need more capacity.

For many people, the urge to drink spikes when they feel alone with their mind. The solution is not always a crowded calendar. Often it is micro connection: a voice note to a friend, a short check in with a partner, sitting near someone while you each do your own thing, or even intentional connection with a pet.

Connection is regulation.

This is one reason alcohol can feel socially soothing: it temporarily simulates safety and belonging. But you can build real belonging deposits in smaller, sober ways.

Woman resting with eyes closed in warm light, wearing glasses on white bedding—calm and grounded without alcohol.

5) Work with stress physiology, not against it

A 2025 systematic review examining relationships among acute stress, alcohol consumption, and cortisol describes heterogeneous findings, but underscores a real scientific interest in how alcohol and stress physiology interact across different populations and patterns of use.

You do not need to memorize cortisol science to benefit from one practical principle:

Your body needs a daily stress completion signal.

Stress is designed to move through the body. If your day is mostly mental stress with no physical completion, your body stays activated and your brain begs for a sedative.

So give your body a completion cue most days: a brisk walk, a short strength session, dancing in your kitchen, shaking out your arms, anything that tells your physiology, “We survived. It is over.”

This is not fitness. This is nervous system hygiene.

6) Treat cravings like messages, not emergencies

Cravings often rise, peak, and fall like waves. If you panic at the beginning, you get pulled under. If you name the wave, you can ride it.

Try this inner script:

“This is a regulation wave. It will peak and pass. My job is to stay with my body for ten minutes.”

Then do your bridge ritual or paced breathing.

This is not just mindset. It is training your brain that discomfort does not automatically require consumption.

7) Use mindfulness in a way that actually helps, not in a way that irritates You

If mindfulness has ever felt like sitting still while your brain screams, you are not alone. Mindfulness is not only seated meditation. It is attention plus non reactivity, and you can practice it while moving, showering, or cooking.

A 2023 systematic review and meta analysis found mindfulness based interventions can reduce craving, with ongoing discussion about quality and mechanisms, but overall supports mindfulness as a relevant tool in craving related processes.

Mindfulness becomes powerful when it is paired with nervous system cues, like breathing or warmth, not when it is used as a cold command to “stop thinking.”

A 30 day calm rebuild plan that does not rely on willpower

Below is a non dramatic, practical plan. It is designed to build assets, not just remove a behavior.

Time window	Focus	What you practice	What you track
Days 1 to 7	Stabilize evenings	Bridge ritual every day, regardless of drinking	Sleep quality, morning anxiety, number of drinks
Days 8 to 14	Build body calm	Add 20 minutes of movement most days, earlier in the evening	Craving intensity before and after movement
Days 15 to 21	Build emotional calm	One daily softening practice plus one micro connection	Rumination time, self compassion, mood stability
Days 22 to 30	Build choice	Two alcohol free evenings per week, then three if ready, using the same rituals	Confidence, sleep, sense of control, joy

Notice what is missing: moral pressure. This plan is not about being “good.” It is about being free.

The health angle, gently and honestly

Even if your main concern is anxiety, the body matters too. Alcohol is linked to cancer risk, and major public health organizations have become increasingly direct about it.

The World Health Organization has stated that no level of alcohol consumption is safe for health in relation to carcinogenic effects, noting evidence does not indicate a threshold where cancer risk switches on.

The US Surgeon General released an advisory in January 2025 describing evidence for a causal link between alcohol consumption and increased risk for at least seven types of cancer.

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also summarizes that all alcoholic drinks increase cancer risk and that drinking less or not at all lowers risk.

The US National Cancer Institute provides a detailed fact sheet on alcohol and cancer risk, including mechanisms and risk patterns.

And a 2024 US Department of Health and Human Services document on alcohol and cancer risk discusses risk increases even at relatively low daily averages and notes that cessation or reduction is associated with lower risks of some alcohol related cancers.

You do not have to panic to take this seriously. You can let this information simply support your nervous system goal: building calm without needing a chemical to get there.

If You are scared You cannot relax without alcohol

This fear is more common than people admit. It is also understandable.

If alcohol has been your main off switch, then removing it can feel like being asked to sleep without a bed. The early days can feel restless. That does not mean you are failing. It means you are building new circuitry.

This is also where support matters. If you notice you cannot cut back even when you want to, or you experience withdrawal symptoms, or your drinking feels compulsive, please involve a clinician. That is not a sign you are “too far gone.” It is a sign your nervous system needs care that is bigger than tips.

A calm space note about shame

Shame keeps borrowed calm in place, because shame makes the body feel unsafe, and an unsafe body craves sedation.

So if you take nothing else from this article, take this:

You are not weak for needing relief.
You are not broken for wanting quiet.
You are not failing if you built a habit around survival.

Now you get to build something better.

Built calm is not a vibe. It is a skillset. And your nervous system can learn it.

Close-up artistic portrait of a woman’s face in warm light, eyes calm and reflective—grounded presence without alcohol.

FAQ: If You need a drink to relax, Your calm is borrowed

Is it normal to need a drink to relax every evening?

It’s common, but it can be a sign that your body has learned to rely on alcohol as its primary nervous system “off switch.” When relaxation becomes dependent on a drink, calm is often borrowed rather than built. The goal is to expand your ability to downshift without needing alcohol to do it for you.
Why does alcohol make me feel calm so quickly?

Alcohol can temporarily reduce feelings of stress by changing brain signaling and lowering the sense of threat in the body. That quick relief can feel like calm, but it’s often a chemically induced state rather than a skill-based one. Over time, the brain can adapt, which may reduce the soothing effect and increase reliance.
What is “borrowed calm” in simple terms?

Borrowed calm means you feel relaxed because something external created that state for you, most commonly alcohol. Built calm means you can access relaxation through internal skills and physiology, like breath regulation, movement, emotional processing, and consistent sleep. Borrowed calm tends to come with a rebound, built calm tends to grow with repetition.
Why do I feel more anxious the next day after drinking?

Many people experience rebound anxiety, sometimes called “hangxiety.” Alcohol can disrupt sleep quality, increase physiological arousal later in the night, and leave the nervous system more reactive the next day. Even if you don’t feel “hungover,” your body may still be recovering in ways that raise anxiety sensitivity.
Can one drink still affect sleep and anxiety?

Yes, for some people even one drink can reduce sleep quality, especially in the second half of the night, which can make mood and stress tolerance worse the next day. The impact varies by body, timing, and overall stress load, but if you’re using alcohol specifically to unwind or sleep, it’s worth tracking how you feel the next morning.
Is drinking to relax the same as alcohol dependence?

Not necessarily. Drinking to relax is a behavior pattern, while dependence involves loss of control, withdrawal symptoms, and continued use despite harm. However, using alcohol as your main coping strategy can increase risk over time because it trains the brain to associate relief with drinking. If you feel unable to cut back when you want to, that’s a strong signal to seek support.
How can I relax without alcohol when my mind won’t shut off?

Start with a state change, not willpower. A short transition ritual often works better than forcing yourself to “be calm.” Try this sequence before deciding about alcohol: drink water, change into comfortable clothes, dim lights, use slow exhale breathing for a few minutes, then do gentle movement. When your body downshifts, your mind usually follows.
What is the best substitute for alcohol to unwind at night?

The best substitute is not just another drink, it’s a nervous system routine that creates safety. Warmth, breath pacing, a hot shower, slow music, light stretching, and low-stimulation lighting can produce real downregulation. Many people also benefit from a comforting non-alcoholic beverage as a sensory cue, but the deeper “replacement” is the ritual that changes your internal state.
How long does it take to stop needing alcohol to relax?

There isn’t one timeline, but many people notice changes within a few weeks when they consistently practice new downshift habits and protect sleep. The key is repetition. Each evening you create calm without alcohol, you teach your brain that safety is available internally, which reduces cravings over time.
What should I do when a craving hits at night?

Treat cravings like waves, not emergencies. Give yourself a 10–15 minute buffer and do a calming protocol first, such as slow exhale breathing plus gentle movement. Cravings often peak and fall, and your job is to stay with your body through the peak. After the wave passes, you can choose from a calmer place rather than reacting from stress.
Is it better to quit completely or just cut back?

That depends on your body, your goals, and your relationship with alcohol. For some people, cutting back and building calm skills is enough. For others, moderation keeps the loop alive and sobriety feels easier and more stable. A useful question is: do you have real choice, or does stress make the decision for you?
When should I talk to a professional about my drinking?

If you can’t reliably cut back, if you drink more than you intend, if you experience withdrawal symptoms, or if alcohol is closely tied to anxiety, sleep problems, or mood changes, professional support can be a smart next step. It’s also important to seek help if you feel unsafe, depressed, or emotionally unstable when you try to stop.
Does alcohol really increase cancer risk?

Major health authorities have linked alcohol to increased risk for multiple cancers. If your main reason for drinking is relaxation, this can be extra motivation to build calm in safer ways that support both mental health and long-term physical health.
What are signs my “calm” is borrowed, not built?

If you feel like you can’t fully unwind without a drink, if evenings trigger urgency or irritability until you pour something, or if you sleep but wake up wired and anxious, your calm may be chemically assisted rather than skill-based. Built calm usually comes with a sense of choice and steadier mornings.

Sources and inspirations

World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. “No level of alcohol consumption is safe for our health.” 2023.
US Surgeon General. “Alcohol and Cancer Risk: The US Surgeon General’s Advisory.” 2025.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Alcohol and Cancer.” Updated 2025.
National Cancer Institute. “Alcohol and Cancer Risk Fact Sheet.” Updated 2025.
US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health. “Alcohol and Cancer Risk.” 2024.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. “Neuroscience: The Brain in Addiction and Recovery.” 2025.
McCullar KS, “Altered sleep architecture following consecutive nights of alcohol.” 2024.
Gardiner C, “The effect of alcohol on subsequent sleep in healthy adults: systematic review and meta analysis.” 2025.
Mocanu V, “Alcohol use disorder with comorbid anxiety disorder.” 2022.
Puddephatt JA, “Associations of common mental disorder with alcohol use disorder.” 2022.
Ummels SA, “The bidirectional relationship between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorder.” 2022.
Hawn SE, Cusack SE, Amstadter AB. “Systematic review of the self medication hypothesis in PTSD and problematic alcohol use.” 2020.
Dharavath RN, “GABAergic signaling in alcohol use disorder and withdrawal.” 2023.
Demina A, “Mindfulness based interventions for craving reduction in substance use: systematic review and meta analysis.” 2023.

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